Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 7 de 7
Filter
1.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 31(113): 42-47, 20230000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1527462

ABSTRACT

La emergencia de aislamientos de Klebsiella pneumoniaedoble productores de carbapenemasas (KPC y NDM) es una de las consecuencias de la pandemia causada por SARS-CoV-2 que ha causado un impacto significativo en las tasas de resistencia a los antimicrobianos en las infecciones intrahospitalarias por esta enterobacteria. Estos aislamientos representan un desafío para los servicios de salud, por su detección y caracterización y posterior tratamiento. En este trabajo se describen los aislamientos portadores de KPC y NDM recuperados durante 2022 aislados de distintas muestras clínicas de pacientes internados en un hospital universitario de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, se los caracteriza fenotípicamente y genotípicamente como portadores de ambas carbapenemasas y se destaca la excelente actividad in vitro de la combinación ceftazidima-avibactam y aztreonam en el tratamiento de estas infecciones en donde las alternativas terapéuticas estarían limitadas a antibióticos no ß-lactámicos con porcentajes de resistencia que superan el 70%


The emergence of double-carbapenemase (KPC and NDM) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates is one of the consequences derived from the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, which has caused significant impact on the antimicrobial resistance rates in hospital acquired infections. These isolates represent a real challenge for Health Services due to their difficult detection and characterization and subsequent treatment. In the present work we describe the double carbapenemase producing isolates recovered during the year 2022 from clinical samples belonging to hospitalized patients at a University Hospital in Buenos Aires city, we report their phenotypic and genotypic characterization and the excellent "in vitro" activity of the ceftazidime-avibactam-aztreonam combination in the treatment of infections in which the therapeutical options are restricted to non ß- lactamic antimicrobials which hold resistance rates higher than 70%


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Isolation , Carbapenems , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae , Hospitals, University , Klebsiella pneumoniae/immunology
2.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 55(3): 9-9, Oct. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529624

ABSTRACT

Abstract Carbapenemase-producing-Serratia marcescens isolates, although infrequent, are considered important nosocomial pathogens due to their intrinsic resistance to polymyxins, which limits therapeutic options. We describe a nosocomial outbreak of SME-4-producing S. marcescens in Buenos Aires city which, in our knowledge, represents the first one in South America.


Resumen Los aislamientos de origen nosocomial de Serratia marcescens productores de car-bapenemasa, si bien son infrecuentes, son considerados importantes patógenos debido a su resistencia intrínseca a las polimixinas, lo cual limita aún más las opciones terapéuticas. En este trabajo se describe un brote nosocomial causado por S. marcescens portadora de car-bapenemasa de tipo SME-4 en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, el cual representaría el primero en Sudamérica.

3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 51(3): 247-250, set. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041832

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 100 aislados consecutivos y no epidemiológicamente relacionados de Acinetobacter baumannii resistentes a los carbapenems, recuperados entre enero y agosto de 2016 de muestras clínicas en 11 hospitales de 10 provincias de la Argentina, ubicadas en distintas regiones del país. Los genes que codifican las carbapenemasas de Ambler clase D y clase B se investigaron mediante la técnica de PCR utilizando cebadores específicos. Todos los aislados se agruparon mediante las técnicas de 3-locus sequence typing y la secuenciación del gen blaOXA-51-like. El gen blaOXA-23 se recuperó en todos los aislados estudiados. La población de A. baumannii resistente a carbapenems en Argentina estuvo asociada, principalmente, con ST1 (45%), ST25 (34%) y ST79 (15%). ST25 se recuperó en todas las regiones estudiadas y no se detectó CC2.


One hundred sequential, epidemiologically unrelated carbapenem-resistant- Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from 11 hospitals in 10 Argentine provinces were collected between January and August 2016. Genes coding for Ambler class D and B carbapenemases were investigated by PCR using specific primers. All isolates were typed using the 3-locus sequence typing and b/aOXA-51-like sequence-based typing techniques. The blaOXA-23 gene was recovered in all isolates studied. The population of carbapenem-resistant- A. baumannii in Argentina was principally associated with ST1 (45%), ST25 (34%) and ST79 (15%). ST25 was recovered in all the regions studied and CC2 was not detected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Cross Infection/microbiology , beta-Lactam Resistance , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification , Argentina/epidemiology , Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Acinetobacter baumannii/enzymology , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics
4.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 45(3): 185-90, set. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171786

ABSTRACT

Sixty-four colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from clinical specimens from 57 patients admitted to Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin during the period 2010-2012 were studied to describe the microbiological and epidemiological characteristics and factors associated with the emergence of colistin-resistance. Fifty-four colistin-susceptible K. pneumoniae isolates from the same period were also included in the study. The genetic relatedness among the isolates was studied by a PCR assay. Fifty percent of the resistant isolates were KPC-2 producers, 45.3


were ESBL producers and 4.7


only showed resistance to aminopenicilins. All KPC-producers (resistant and susceptible to colistin) were genotipically indistinguishable except for one, whereas the presence of 7 clonal types, which were different from the ones identified in the colistin-susceptible isolates, were detected among ESBL producers. The previous use of colistin was the main factor associated with the acquisition of resistance, and in the case of non-KPC producers the stay in ICU was another significant factor observed. Colistin resistance emerged in our hospital in the year 2010, reaching 3


in nosocomial isolates and maintaining this rate in successive years, due to the selection of resistant subpopulations in the epidemic clonal type in KPC-producers and due to the dispersion of colistin-resistant clonal types in non-KPC producing-isolates.


Subject(s)
Colistin/pharmacology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology , Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Female , Humans , Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology , Male , Bacterial Proteins/classification , beta-Lactamases/classification
5.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 44(1): 30-35, mar. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-639715

ABSTRACT

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la actividad in vitro de las cefalosporinas de espectro extendido frente a aislamientos clínicos de enterobacterias sin AmpC inducible y evaluar la utilidad de las normativas propuestas por el CLSI 2009 y de los puntos de corte recomendados por el CLSI 2010 y el EUCAST 2010. El análisis incluye la caracterización feno y genotípica de los mecanismos de resistencia. En todos los aislamientos se realizó un antibiograma semicuantitativo y se determinó la CIM por dilución en agar. Asimismo, se realizó la detección fenotípica de p-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), de AmpC plasmídica (AmpCp) y de carbapenemasas de tipo KPC. En los aislamientos que fueron resistentes a las cefalosporinas de espectro extendido (CEE) se evaluó, mediante PCR múltiple para b/aSHV y b/aCTX-M y PCR con cebadores específicos, el tipo de p-lactamasa pre-valente y la presencia de KPC. Se recuperaron de pacientes 169 aislamientos resistentes a CEE: 95 de K/ebsie//a pneumoniae, 55 de Escherichia co/i y 19 de Proteus mirabi/is. La resistencia a CEE se verificó en el 56,2 %; 32,6 % y 11,2 % de estos conjuntos de aislamientos, respectivamente. Se detectó el fenotipo BLEE en 152 aislamientos (90 %), el fenotipo AmpCp en 12 (7 %) y el KPC en 5 (3 %). Las recomendaciones del CLSI 2009 y los puntos de corte del CLSI 2010 y del EUCAST 2010 para la ceftriaxona permitieron detectar eficientemente las BLEE, mientras que para la ceftacidima, con los puntos de corte del CLSI 2010 solo se detectó el 55 % de las BLEE. Esta discrepancia en los porcentajes de resistencia a ceftriaxona y a ceftacidima se relaciona con la presencia de CTX-M en nuestro medio. Los nuevos puntos de corte detectaron con mayor eficiencia las enzimas de tipo AmpCp.


The aims of this study were to evaluate the in vitro activity of extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in non-inducible AmpC enterobacteria throµgh phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the mechanisms of resistance (ESBL, plasmid-mediated AmpC and KPC) and to evaluate the interpretation criteria proposed by the existing recommendations and the new breakpoints established by the CLSI and the EUCAST. Susceptibility tests and PCR multiplex for b/aSHV and b/aCTX-M and amplification using specific primers was performed. One hundred sixty nine resistant isolates: K/ebsie//a pneumoniae (95), Escherichia co/i (55), and Proteus mirabi/is (19) were recovered. ESC resistance was 56.2 %, 32.6%, and 11.2 %, respectively. ESBL was detected in 152 (90 %) isolates, plasmid-mediated AmpC in 12 (7 %) and KPC in 5 (3 %). The CLSI 2009 recommendations and the breakpoints sµggested by the CLSI 2010 and the EUCAST for ceftriaxone were efficacious to detect ESBL, whereas the different breakpoints for ceftazidime presented discrepancies. The CLSI 2010 breakpoints only detected 55 % of the ESBL-producing isolates due to the endemic presence of CTX-M ESBLs in our country. Regarding the plasmid-mediated AmpC producers, the recommendations of the CLSI 2010 and the EUCAST 2010 proved to be more efficient than the old ones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/standards , Proteus mirabilis/drug effects , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Ceftazidime/pharmacology , Ceftriaxone/pharmacology , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Prospective Studies , Proteus Infections/microbiology , Proteus mirabilis/enzymology , Proteus mirabilis/genetics , Proteus mirabilis/isolation & purification , Societies, Scientific/standards
6.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 11(3): 117-124, sept. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-655770

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae es el principal agente etiológico bacteriano de infecciones del tracto respiratorio y en los últimos años hemos asistido a la emergencia de aislamientos con múltiples resistencias. Durante los años 2008 y 2009 se estudiaron 59 aislamientos de S. pneumoniae provenientes de hemocultivos y materiales respiratorios, de pacientes con neumonía, a los cuales se les determinó la susceptibilidad a diferentes antimicrobianos. No se observó resistencia a penicilina por vía parenteral (endovenosa), amoxicilina,ceftriaxona ni carbapenemes. La resistencia a cefuroxima oral y parenteral fue 3.4% y 5.1% respectivamente. El 15.2% de los aislamientos presentó sensibilidad intermedia a la penicilina por vía oral con CIM entre 0.125 y 1 μg/ml. Sólo 1/59 aislamientos fue resistente a levofloxacina (CIM= 8 μg/ml) y sensible a gatifloxacina (CIM= 0,5 μg/ml).La resistencia a eritromicina fue 20.3% y el fenotipo predominante fue el M (eflujo) confirmado por la presencia del gen mef. La resistencia a tetraciclina fue 6.8% y no se observó resistencia a tigeciclina (CIM90= 0.5 μg/ml). Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a vancomicina, linezolid y rifampicina, mientras que el 21.4% presentó resistencia a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. En conclusión, penicilina parenteral (intravenosa) y amoxicilina, independientemente de la vía de administración, continúan siendo losantimicrobianos β-lactámicos más adecuados para el tratamiento empírico de las neumonías, mientras que los macrólidos deberían utilizarse con precaución por el alto porcentaje de resistencia. Aunque la resistencia a levofloxacina continúa baja, consideramos que deberían utilizarse en situaciones que lo ameriten y en las dosis adecuadas para prevenir la selección de mutantes resistentes.


Steptococcus pneumoniae is the main etiologic bacterial agent of respiratory tract infections and in recent years emergence of isolates with multiple resistance has been observed.During the years 2008 and 2009 we studied 59 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from blood cultures and respiratory materials from patients with pneumonia and tested theirsusceptibility to different antimicrobials. There was no resistance to parenteral penicillin (intravenous), amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and carbapenems. To oral and parenteral cefuroxime the resistance was 3.4% and 5.1% respectively; 15.2% of the isolates showed intermediate susceptibility to oral penicillin with MICs between 0.125 and 1 μg/ml. Only 1/59 isolates was resistant to levofloxacin (MIC = 8 μg/ml) but it was susceptible to gatifloxacin (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml). Erythromycin resistance was 20.3% and the predominant phenotype was M(efflux) confirmed by the presence of the mef gene. Tetracycline resistance was 6.8% and there was no resistance to tigecycline (CIM90 = 0.5 μg/ml). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and rifampicin. The resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 21.4%. In conclusion, parenteral (intravenous) penicillin and amoxicillin, independentlyof the way of administration, remain the antimicrobial β-lactams most suitablefor the empirical treatment of pneumonia, while macrolides should be used with caution because of the high proportion of resistance. Although levofloxacin resistance remainslow, we consider it should only be used in special situations and in adequate doses in order to prevent the selection of resistant mutants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Young Adult , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Pneumonia/microbiology , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Pneumonia/therapy , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Anti-Infective Agents , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Resistance, Microbial
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 63(1): 21-27, 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-334541

ABSTRACT

The incidence and drug susceptibility of gram-negative isolates from clinical samples of patients from different intensive care units at the Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin were analysed. Two hundred isolates during the same five months period, in two different years (1998 and 2001) were obtained and evaluated. Acinetobacter spp., was the most frequently isolated microorganism. Resistance to imipenem was observed in 60% of these isolations while resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin was observed in more than 80%. Klebsiella pneumoniae was not resistant to imipenem, the resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins decreased from 71.4 to 30% of isolates (p < 0.05), while ciprofloxacin resistance increased from 5 to 20% (p < 0.05). An increasing resistance to imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was noted, from 15.4 to 68% (p < 0.05%); to ciprofloxacin, from 31.4 to 66.3% (p < 0.05); to amikacin, from 23 to 60.1% (p < 0.05); and to ceftazidime, from 8.2 to 28.3% (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the alarming rates of resistance found in this study provide compelling evidence of the need for more rational use of antimicrobial agents; ongoing surveillance on the etiology of infections and their resistance profiles is important to guide future antimicrobial chemotherapy


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Intensive Care Units , Acinetobacter , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Infective Agents , Argentina , Ciprofloxacin , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Imipenem , Klebsiella pneumoniae
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL